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CLAUDE.md
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CLAUDE.md
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This is a project for a museum to demonstrate a simulation of a 1940's to 1960's
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This is a project for a museum to demonstrate a simulation of a 1940's to 1960's
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vintage radar, including the Chain Home radar from early World War 2, marine radar,
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vintage radar, including the Chain Home radar from early World War 2, marine radar,
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and air traffic control radar
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The project will be implemented on a Geekom A8 Max
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The project will be implemented on a Geekom A8 Max
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32 GB RAM
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32 GB RAM
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of vintage 1940's, 1950's, and 1960's radars. A key objective is to
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of vintage 1940's, 1950's, and 1960's radars. A key objective is to
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provide interaction with and viewing of radars from that era.
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provide interaction with and viewing of radars from that era.
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There will be three main areas of the screen. On the right hand side will be the radar
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There will be three main areas of the screen. On the right hand side will be the radar
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scope.
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scope.
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1. Introduction of Exhibit (Explanation of the project on the left hand text panel.
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1. Introduction of Exhibit (Explanation of the project on the left hand text panel.
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2. A-scope for Chain Home Radar in the 1940's (first radar and could be tricky)
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2. A-scope for Chain Home Radar in the 1940's (first radar and could be tricky)
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3. A-scope for marine radar in the 1950's (Before PPI radar); was a bit tedious to operate
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3. A-scope for marine radar in the 1940's (Before PPI radar); was a bit tedious to operate
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4. PPI scope for marine traffic control (uses beam sweeping in all 360 degrees of
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4. PPI scope for marine traffic control (uses beam sweeping in all 360 degrees of
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rotation); Easier to use than a scope
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rotation); Easier to use than a scope
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5. PPI scope on board a boat. Shows how movement of a boat affects the radar display
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5. PPI scope on board a boat. Shows how movement of a boat affects the radar display
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null points for each target. Since we do not have a physical calibrated knob, we
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null points for each target. Since we do not have a physical calibrated knob, we
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can put the bearing as a text indicator below the A Scope.
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can put the bearing as a text indicator below the A Scope.
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There would be four other controls. 1. Intensity 2. amplifier gain 3. STC gain 2; stc
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range
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The range is 200 miles.
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The range is 200 miles.
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There is a glass or plastic graticule that is etched with vertical lines
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There is no graticule. Photos only show crystal oscillator generated 'pips' for
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representing range. This is edge-lit with incandescent lamps.
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every 20 miles.
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Marine A Scope
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Marine A Scope
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Utilization of A scope marine was limited to military use prior to PPI scope
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invention. An example is British Type 271 radar, introduced in 1941.
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Marine radar frequencies allowed the use of much smaller antennas;
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Marine radar frequencies allowed the use of much smaller antennas;
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dishes or horns. Those antennas would be mounted on the shaft of a servo motor. The
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dishes or horns. Those antennas would be mounted on the shaft of a servo motor. The
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servo motor would be driven by another servo that is attached to the bearing control
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servo motor would be driven by another servo that is attached to the bearing control
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Following the width, the pip has a finite fall time as the transmitter stops. This
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Following the width, the pip has a finite fall time as the transmitter stops. This
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creates a curved waveform; not just a line.
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creates a curved waveform; not just a line.
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Range and range lines on graticule
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A photograph for this display show no graticule at all. Only range pips formed by an oscillator.
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Please note that the graticules are plastic overlays over the screen. They need to be removed
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1. 1.5 miles; marker pips every 0.25 miles
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and replaced when the operator changes the maximum range. This can be simulated with the graticule
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2. 3.0 miles; marker pips every 0.5 miles
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being lifted toward the top of the scope as it is removed. Then the new graticule would be slid
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3. 6.0 miles; marker pips every 1.0 miles
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down until it covers the scope. The graticule will be edge-lit with an incandescent lamp.
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4. 12.0 miles; marker pips every 2.0 miles
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Here is a table of the available ranges and what markings will be on the plastic graticule.
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1. 1.5 miles; markers every 0.25 miles
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2. 3.0 miles; markers every 0.5 miles
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3. 6.0 miles; markers every 1.0 miles
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4. 12.0 miles; markers every 2.0 miles
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There would be four available plastic overlays.
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Range can be selected with two keyboard keys or two buttons on the panel, and is
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Range can be selected with two keyboard keys or two buttons on the panel, and is
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indicated in the text status panel below the scope.
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indicated in the text status panel below the scope.
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Controls: 1. intensity 2. receiver gain 3. STC (I think) that reduces gain close in. 4. STC effective
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range for STC effect.
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2. PPI Scope - still being worked
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2. PPI Scope - still being worked
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==================================
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RADAR EQUATION
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Lets start here by mentioning the radar equation that sets the perceived strength of any
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radar echoes, no matter what kind of radar.
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Summary of radar equation:
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The fundamental radar equation describes how much power returns to a radar system
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after bouncing off a distant target. Physically, it follows a "round-trip" journey
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of energy: the radar transmits a signal that spreads out as a sphere (losing strength
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by the square of the distance, $R^2$), hits a target that reflects a portion of that
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energy (the Radar Cross Section, $\sigma$), and that reflection then spreads out
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again as a second sphere on its way back (losing another factor of $R^2$). Mathematically,
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this results in the received power being inversely proportional to the fourth
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power of the distance ($1/R^4$), meaning that if a target moves twice as far away,
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the returning signal becomes 16 times weaker. To calculate the final received power
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($P_r$), you multiply the transmitted power ($P_t$) by the antenna's ability to
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focus that energy (Gain, $G$) and its physical size (Aperture, $A$), then factor
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in the target's reflectivity ($\sigma$) and the wavelength of the signal ($\lambda$),
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all while dividing by the spreading losses $(4\pi)^3 R^4$.
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$$P_r = \frac{P_t G^2 \lambda^2 \sigma}{(4\pi)^3 R^4}$$
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Since we had four distinct radar types, and each one has it's own hardware loop gain
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that does not change, we can set that as a constant in each radar's target handling shader set.
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======================================
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