change order of sections

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This is a project for a museum to demonstrate a simulation of a 1940's to 1960's
vintage radar, including the Chain Home radar from early World War 2, marine radar,
and air traffic control radar
The project will be implemented on a Geekom A8 Max
32 GB RAM
@@ -53,6 +52,8 @@ This is a museum exhibit displaying and providing some interaction
of vintage 1940's, 1950's, and 1960's radars. A key objective is to
provide interaction with and viewing of radars from that era.
There will be three main areas of the screen. On the right hand side will be the radar
scope.
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ Scopes in the right panel
1. Introduction of Exhibit (Explanation of the project on the left hand text panel.
2. A-scope for Chain Home Radar in the 1940's (first radar and could be tricky)
3. A-scope for marine radar in the 1950's (Before PPI radar); was a bit tedious to operate
3. A-scope for marine radar in the 1940's (Before PPI radar); was a bit tedious to operate
4. PPI scope for marine traffic control (uses beam sweeping in all 360 degrees of
rotation); Easier to use than a scope
5. PPI scope on board a boat. Shows how movement of a boat affects the radar display
@@ -134,13 +135,20 @@ There will be three abstracts for scopes:
null points for each target. Since we do not have a physical calibrated knob, we
can put the bearing as a text indicator below the A Scope.
There would be four other controls. 1. Intensity 2. amplifier gain 3. STC gain 2; stc
range
The range is 200 miles.
There is a glass or plastic graticule that is etched with vertical lines
representing range. This is edge-lit with incandescent lamps.
There is no graticule. Photos only show crystal oscillator generated 'pips' for
every 20 miles.
Marine A Scope
Utilization of A scope marine was limited to military use prior to PPI scope
invention. An example is British Type 271 radar, introduced in 1941.
Marine radar frequencies allowed the use of much smaller antennas;
dishes or horns. Those antennas would be mounted on the shaft of a servo motor. The
servo motor would be driven by another servo that is attached to the bearing control
@@ -162,23 +170,50 @@ There will be three abstracts for scopes:
Following the width, the pip has a finite fall time as the transmitter stops. This
creates a curved waveform; not just a line.
Range and range lines on graticule
A photograph for this display show no graticule at all. Only range pips formed by an oscillator.
Please note that the graticules are plastic overlays over the screen. They need to be removed
and replaced when the operator changes the maximum range. This can be simulated with the graticule
being lifted toward the top of the scope as it is removed. Then the new graticule would be slid
down until it covers the scope. The graticule will be edge-lit with an incandescent lamp.
Here is a table of the available ranges and what markings will be on the plastic graticule.
1. 1.5 miles; markers every 0.25 miles
2. 3.0 miles; markers every 0.5 miles
3. 6.0 miles; markers every 1.0 miles
4. 12.0 miles; markers every 2.0 miles
There would be four available plastic overlays.
1. 1.5 miles; marker pips every 0.25 miles
2. 3.0 miles; marker pips every 0.5 miles
3. 6.0 miles; marker pips every 1.0 miles
4. 12.0 miles; marker pips every 2.0 miles
Range can be selected with two keyboard keys or two buttons on the panel, and is
indicated in the text status panel below the scope.
Controls: 1. intensity 2. receiver gain 3. STC (I think) that reduces gain close in. 4. STC effective
range for STC effect.
2. PPI Scope - still being worked
==================================
RADAR EQUATION
Lets start here by mentioning the radar equation that sets the perceived strength of any
radar echoes, no matter what kind of radar.
Summary of radar equation:
The fundamental radar equation describes how much power returns to a radar system
after bouncing off a distant target. Physically, it follows a "round-trip" journey
of energy: the radar transmits a signal that spreads out as a sphere (losing strength
by the square of the distance, $R^2$), hits a target that reflects a portion of that
energy (the Radar Cross Section, $\sigma$), and that reflection then spreads out
again as a second sphere on its way back (losing another factor of $R^2$). Mathematically,
this results in the received power being inversely proportional to the fourth
power of the distance ($1/R^4$), meaning that if a target moves twice as far away,
the returning signal becomes 16 times weaker. To calculate the final received power
($P_r$), you multiply the transmitted power ($P_t$) by the antenna's ability to
focus that energy (Gain, $G$) and its physical size (Aperture, $A$), then factor
in the target's reflectivity ($\sigma$) and the wavelength of the signal ($\lambda$),
all while dividing by the spreading losses $(4\pi)^3 R^4$.
$$P_r = \frac{P_t G^2 \lambda^2 \sigma}{(4\pi)^3 R^4}$$
Since we had four distinct radar types, and each one has it's own hardware loop gain
that does not change, we can set that as a constant in each radar's target handling shader set.
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